Evidence from the CLARE programme reveals that supporting safe, proactive migration is a strategic investment in the adaptive capacity of the entire population. 

In the Thematic Brief, Supporting effective adaptation for migrant populations, findings from CLARE research projects in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Bhutan, show that migration is predominantly an economic imperative and part of broader adaptation strategies by individuals and regions.  

“When people retain choice, migration can be a proactive way to reduce risk, protect livelihoods, and expand opportunities. When options are limited or support is lacking, mobility can deepen vulnerability,” describes the brief. 

Drawing specifically from the Successful intervention pathways for migration as adaptation (SUCCESS) and Climate Change Local Adaptation Pathways (CLAPs) projects, the brief highlights what works to make adaptation more effective. 

It provides evidence and practical solutions to help governments and partners support people who stay, those who migrate, and, when necessary, those who must relocate. 

Contributing to effective adaptation for migrant populations 

Evidence put forward in the Thematic Brief demonstrates that mobility is not automatically good or bad for adaptation. Outcomes depend on the conditions under which people move. When mobility is supported, it reduces risk, secures livelihoods, and strengthens agency. When it is not, it increases precarity and inequality. 

Key priorities for policy:  

Evidence put forward in the Thematic Brief demonstrates that mobility is not automatically good or bad for adaptation. Outcomes depend on the conditions under which people move. When mobility is supported, it reduces risk, secures livelihoods, and strengthens agency. When it is not, it increases precarity and inequality. 

• Enable migration as a proactive strategy 
• Invest in those who remain  
• Ensure relocation is participatory, rights-based, and focused on livelihoods.  

Practical solutions are also delivered in the brief, demonstrating how its work supports inclusive urban planning, strengthens social protection and livelihoods, informs anticipatory responses, and promotes gender-sensitive approaches that reflect the priorities of different groups.  

CLARE research shows that effective climate adaptation must recognise migration, staying, and relocation as interconnected strategies