This briefing note provides an overview of Fiji, a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. The primary aim is to present a comprehensive review of the climate and resource-use challenges facing Fiji, along with the ongoing efforts to address them. The report begins with a broader discussion of SIDS, highlighting the unique development, economic, and climate challenges they encounter. It then provides a brief background of Fiji before detailing the impacts of climate change on the country’s critical resources, including water, energy, food, and infrastructure. The review concludes by discussing the adaptation measures currently being implemented by this small island nation.